Limited company vs sole trader — an honest comparison.
Which structure actually leaves more in your pocket? Set your profit and region below and see both, side by side, for 2025/26 — with every rate cited to gov.uk and none of the “go limited to save tax” hand-waving.
Sole trader
Limited company
Keeps moreAssumes you take all profit out of the company — a salary up to the personal allowance, the rest as dividends.
Assumes a single director with no other employees, so no Employment Allowance, and a full 12-month accounting period with no associated companies.
Non-tax factors — limited liability, retaining profits in the company, and larger pension contributions — aren't captured here.
How each one is taxed
A sole trader pays income tax and Class 4 National Insurance on their profit — one calculation, one Self Assessment return. A limited company is a separate legal entity: it pays corporation tax on its profits, and you pay yourself with a mix of salary and dividends, each taxed differently in your own hands.
The tax-efficient company route is a small salary up to the £12,570 personal allowance, then dividends. The company pays 15% employer NI on the salary above £5,000 and corporation tax (19% up to £50,000 of profit, rising through marginal relief to 25% by £250,000) on what remains. You then pay dividend tax personally — nothing on the first £500, then 8.75%, 33.75% or 39.35% depending on your band.
Stack all of that up and, for 2025/26, the sole trader is competitive across most profit levels once you take everything out — largely because Class 4 NI was cut to 6% while dividend tax rose. The company’s edge shows up when you don’t need all the money.
Tax isn’t the whole story
A limited company can still be the right call even when the take-home is similar — for limited liability that protects your personal assets, the ability to retain profit in the company and draw it in a lower-income year, and far larger company pension contributions. Against that, weigh the extra accountancy and filing. The comparison above is the tax picture; the decision is bigger than tax.
Just starting out? See what a sole trader takes home first.
Questions people ask
Sources
Every rate in this comparison comes from an official gov.uk page: